Farmers' Report, 1956

From the “Around the State” column in the June 1956 issue of North Carolina’s Extension Farm-News

MADISON COUNTY

Harold Bailey of the Bailey Branch community has a grade beef cow that is doing her part to increase the cow population. Madison County Assistant Agent Robert W. Miller says that Bailey’s cow produced four heifer calves in 11 months—two consecutive sets of two heifers. “Old Boss” is now ready to calve again and the Baileys are hoping she’ll keep her batting average high.

DAVIDSON COUNTY

J.L. Evans of Jakesville community, Lexington, Route 8, hopes that people using his fish pond confine themselves to catching fish from now on. Assistant County Agent W.W. Johnson says that one day recently, Evans discovered that one of his calves was firmly caught in the mouth with a Hulla Popper Plug. Evidently, an unlucky fisherman had thrown his plug up on the bank of the bond. Although it didn’t appeal to the fish, it looked like a nice, juicy morsel to the calf.

COLUMBUS COUNTY

Joe Kissam of Evergreen, Route 1, needed an attachment for his tractor that would break up some land which had been packed tight by six inches of rain. He found the tool, but didn’t have the $60 needed to buy it. Columbus County Agent Charles D. Raper says that Kissam’s native ingenuity then came in handy. Kissam found an old horse-drawn disk harrow and went to work. With some other odds and ends, he soon welded together an implement which did an excellent job.

TRANSYLVANIA COUNTY

It may sound like he’s dreaming, but Coy Surrette of the Penrose community says he has found a cash crop that requires very little labor and has no disease or marketing problems. Transylvania County Assistant Agent William M. Garmon says that Surette is high in his praise of bell pepper. Surrette grew the pepper community last year for the first time. He started with one-half acre, but this year he’s planning to expand it to two acres.

CLEVELAND COUNTY

Julius Campbell, Cleveland County farmer, has found there are “just strawberries” and there are Albritton and Pocahonas strawberries. Assistant County Agent H.W. Dameron says that Campbell’s “just strawberries” were late and small this year. Aftger being shown some Albritons, he remarked that he was “fooling with marbles and these are golf balls!”

HERTFORD COUNTY

F.E. Holloman of Murfreesboro community believes in making the most of his hay. Hertford County Assistant Agent P.E. Parker Jr. says that Holloman uses hay stored in the barn to brood his baby chicks. He sections off a portion of the barn with bales of hay. As the chicks get larger, he builds the “fence” higher by adding more bales.

NORTH CAROLINA STATE COLLEGE, RALEIGH

John Piland began his duties as district Extension agent in the eastern district on June 1. Piland will supervise county agents’ work in 16 counties. His headquarters will be at State College in Raleigh. A native of Northampton County, he is a 1939 graduate of State College. He served as FHA supervisor in Warren County from 1939 to 1942, was assistant county agent in Johnston from 1944 to 1947; and county agent from 1947 to the present. He is married and has four children. Piland replaces C.S. Mintz, who transferred to the district agent’s post in the southeast, which became vacant upon the retirement of C.M. Brickhouse, June 1.

In Praise of the Home Agent and Her Home Demonstration Club Women, 1945

By F.H. Jeter, Extension Editor, N.C. State College, Raleigh, as published in the Wilmington Star, June 5, 1944

One of the marvels of North Carolina rural life is the home demonstration agent. For the past few weeks, I have been going about in the state attending district federation meetings held by the organization Home Demonstration Club Women of North Carolina. These interesting visits have taken me east and west and, in each case, the rural women of five or six counties meet together to discuss the affairs of the clubs, to report what was accomplished during the year, and to make plans for the future.

County reports are made at each district gathering, and to hear these reports is to learn how North Carolina is advancing to preeminence upon the unselfish work of her home demonstration club women and the county home demonstration agent.

I have never fathomed what secret source of strength these home agents are able to draw upon. They work day after day with their club women, the 4-H Club girls, and all others who call upon them for suggestions or aid in their rural problems.

The home agents take the cold, hard facts of the technical bulletin and turn the facts into attractive foods, well-fitting clothes, or beautified homes. Not only do they work many hours during the day but they are always ready to visit some private home upon request to aid the mother or homemaker with her special problem.

If this be not enough, she then attends an evening meeting at a remote schoolhouse or community center and should the program prove not so attractive, she must be the life of the party and lead the group in recreational events.

These home agents have an almost sacrificial zeal for their jobs. This is revealed in the reports which the club women make at their district meetings. Not only to the reports tell of food produced and saved, of homes rearranged and beautified, of clothes made or remodeled, and good things to eat prepared and sold at the curb market; but they likewise tell of things done for the community and the county.

Home demonstration clubs have about taken over the Red Cross work out in the country districts; War Bond drives are centered about their local clubs; fats, metal and paper are saved and delivered largely through the influence of the home demonstration club; and many of the boys in nearby Army hospitals have been cheered through the work of the home demonstration club women.

The farm agent and his associates deal with the hard, cold facts of production and marketing; the home agent and her club women deal with the human aspects of rural life, and because these women are progressive, the often cause their hardheaded husbands to continue to make progress over and above what they had originally intended. I do not hesitate to say that much of the North Carolina farming progress in recent years has been due to the work of the home demonstration club women.

That organization has kept its ideals and has added much technical knowledge. Right now, the club women have an over-all blanket or unified plan of work for the entire state.

The plan for this year was made, for instance, when 15 agents representing the various sections of North Carolina were called to Miss Current’s office to meet with the trained specialists and design a plan for 1944.

Before coming to the college, however, the agents talked over the whole matter with their local club women, their neighborhood leaders, and with all who might be interested. Then when the plan was finally agreed upon in the state office, it was carried back to the county and adopted there.

As a result of this careful understanding, one agent may be transferred to another county and still be able to pick up the details of the organization in that new county and go right to work. As a matter of fact, the trained leaders in the several counties are helping the agent with her demonstrations so that this worker is free to contact other women not yet within the club membership.

Miss Current and her home agents have at least 12,000 women now who aid the home agents as project leaders. One woman may have charge of all the garden work in her club while another is the nutrition leader in an adjoining club. These project leaders are holding at least four of the 12 monthly club meetings scheduled for the year, which means that the home agent can greatly enlarge her work. The women say that 32,488 farm families were reached for the first time in home demonstration work this past year.

It is interesting to note that there is now a home agent in each county of the state. In these counties are 1,523 organized clubs with an active membership of 37,579 women. However, it is not the main purpose of home demonstration work to reach only these women but to build the entire program around the farm family as a unit. Much of the work being done now is not aimed at the farm woman alone but at her whole family and with emphasis on the boy and girl.

This is why I know that much of the agricultural progress being made in North Carolina is based on the work being done by these women. Because they need food for canning, food must be produced on the farm; because the women study better nutrition, more different kinds of foods must be grown; because they study food conservation, storage closets must be built; and because they insist on better family health, milk and butter and other protective food products are added. I would not insist that the farming progress we are making is because of these women, but they are certainly their influence is being felt.

N.C. State Professor Dies Unexpectedly, 1956

From the June 1956 issue of North Carolina’s Extension Farm-News

A long life of active service to North Carolina Agriculture was ended July 18 with the unexpected death of E.B. Morrow, professor of horticulture at N.C. State College.

A heart attack was the cause of death.

Morrow spent many productive years working to develop new and better varieties of strawberries and blueberries. Among those he developed are the Massey and Albritton strawberries, which are used extensively by commercial growers. He also developed the Wolcott, Murphey, Angola, and Ivanhoe blueberry varieties, which have meant much to growers of this crop.

After graduation from N.C. State College in 1921, he received B.S. and M.S. degrees from the University of California, the latter in 1924.

From 1924 to 1925, he was an assistant in statistics in the N.C. Department of Agriculture. He worked with the Extension Service for 11 years as a horticulturist, after which he began his work with the Experiment Station. He has written several publications on his research findings.

He has contributed many articles to American Society of Horticultural Science, which have been published in their annual proceedings.

Morrow was born in Rowan County March 22, 1896, and was married to the former Miss Anne Peay. He was a member of the American Society for Horticultural Science and Sigma Xi.

Surviving are his wife, his mother, Mrs. Tom Morrow of Cleveland, N.C.; four brothers, Fred W. Morrow and J. Mack Morrow, both of Mooresville, and A.R. Morrow of Charlotte, and Thomas A. Morrow of Cleveland, N.C.; four sisters, Mrs. W.W. Lentz of High Point, Mrs. Carl Cook of Statesville, and Mrs. F.S. Sloan, and Mrs. J.A. Shackford, both of Raleigh.

Let Cows Gather Own Feed, Says Gaston Farmer, 1949

By F.H. Jeter, Extension Editor, N.C. State College, Raleigh, as published in the Charlotte Observer on June 9, 1949.

The farmers of Gaston County boast of their wonderful new pastures. They also boast of the grazing crops they had all last winter.

A good example is a five-acre field seeded by M.B. Jenkins of Gastonia, Route 1. He fertilized the tract with 500 pounds per acre of a 4-10-6 at seeding time last September. He planted two bushels of oats, two bushels of barley, 40 pounds of Italian ryegrass, and 12 pounds crimson clover seed per acre. That was a heavy seeding and a right good fertilization, but the grazing was something to talk about.

Mr. Jenkins kept 25 cows on the five acres during the winter. This spring, after it has been fairly well grazed down, he top-dressed the field with 150 pounds of nitrate of soda and a good coating of manure. This brought it back as good spring grazing, which lasted until the cows were ready to go on the permanent pasture of Ladino clover and fescue. The only way to make money with dairy cows, Mr. Jenkins says, is to let them gather their own feed and to have plenty of it for them. 

Watauga and Ashe County Farmers, 1948

By F.H. Jeter, Extension Editor, N.C. State College, Raleigh, as published in the Charlotte Observer June 28, 1948

For the dollar invested, sheep pay better, perhaps, than any other kind of livestock. At least, that’s the very decided opinion of those sturdy mountain farmers up in Watauga and Ashe counties. In Watauga, some of the sheep growers own native ewes; others have purchased the hardy western ewes brought in during recent years. Some of the men give their sheep the best of attention, while others let them wrestle largely for themselves.

But however the sheep are handled, Watauga farmers say that each ewe in their small farm flocks paid them a net cash return last year of $27.13 per animal. That’s a good investment. They look for as equally good returns this year because the Northwest has one of its finest lamb crops.

Sixteen Watauga farmers kept careful records on their sheep flocks and report that these flocks averaged 21 old ewes with about 2.3 young ewe replacements. Each flock averaged raising 25.8 lambs and these were sold in the county lamb pool for $512.90 per clock, or $20.11 each. The ewes averaged shearing out 147.7 pounds of wool per flock and this wool was sold in the pool for $75.20. So the gross return for each of these 16 flocks of sheep wads $588.47 from the sale of wool and lambs, or $27.13 per ewe. The average feed cost for one ewe for the year amounted to $7.76 so the net labor income from the sheep was $19.37 per head.

It also pays to have purebred sheep, just as it pays to have high class livestock of any other kind. For instance, J.W. Norris is said to be about the best breeder of Hampshire sheep in Watauga County. Mr. Norris has one old ewe, now 11 years of age, that is a wonder. She descends from good blood, and she has proven it in production. During her 11 years, this ewe has produced eight sets of twin lambs. The best part about these lambs, from Mr. Norris’ standpoint, is that 13 of them were males and he sold them for purebred breeding stock to his neighbors at good prices.

Sheep growing is not alone in farming enterprise for the adult farmers of that section. Some of the best shepherds are the young farm boys who are enrolled in the 4-H Clubs. Among those having nice lambs now about ready for sale are Douglas Clawson, Alvin Norris, Johnny Norris, Eddie Paul Norris, Phil Farthing, Vance Vines, Joe Perry, Baker Edmisten, Bob Wilson, and Clint Reese.

This Clint Reese, by the way, will represent North Carolina at the National 4-H Club Congress this fall. He and Walter Jones of Sparta, Alleghany County, were chosen recently in a sheep shearing contest held at the Mountain Branch Experiment Station by Leland Case as the champions among all those competing. Clint is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Asa L. Reese of the Reese community in Watauga County. Clint and Walter nosed out Ben Norris, also of the Reese community, in an overtime contest. Orvill Hendrix of Laurel Springs was fourth, and Bob Wilson, fifth.

As the saying goes, these boys certainly made the wool fly as they competed for this Chicago trip.

Some of the men say that it pays to have lambs dropped early in January and February but there are just as many who maintain that they lose too many lambs at this early date and have to feed them too much grain, so they want their lambs to come in April. These later lambs are largely fed on pasture, with just a bit of grain supplied in creep feeding. But the early lambs, like early pullets, seem to be the ones which bring the most money per unit, and so the argument is not yet settled.

At any rate, say the growers, no man ever grew sheep and went in debt on the flock. They always pay their way, if the ewes are drenched and the lambs are properly managed. Sometimes a stray mongrel dog may cause a loss but this does not happen so often where the sheep are brought in at night.

W.W. Wilson kept careful records on a new type of sheep operation last summer. In a lamb pool held last summer on July 14 at Boone, Mr. Wilson bought 26 ordinary medium-grade ewes and wether lambs.

They were all just average lambs—nothing choice. He fed them until the last pool on September 5 and says that, during the period of 7 ½ weeks, the 26 lambs gained 373 pounds or 14.3 pounds per lamb. When he sold them in September, four lambs graded “choice” and brought him $104.66; 17 graded “good” and brought him $342, and five graded “medium” and brought $63.90. The whole 26 were sold for a total of $510.58 and cost him only $322.49. However, he had to add in the expense of trucking and the feed cost which brought up his cash outlay to a total of $382.15, or $14.69 a head. The lambs sold for $510.58, or $19.63 per head, giving Mr. Wilson a nice little income of $128.43 or $4.93 a head net profit for his labor.

One reason why the lambs gained so fast, however, and were so nicely finished at the end of the seven-week feeding period is that they were placed on a Ladino pasture. Then Mr. Wilson added a grain mixture consisting of three parts yellow corn, two parts ground oats, and one part cottonseed meal. But he had the facilities for handling the lambs, so he made a nice profit from the venture.

W.E. Eggers, also of Watauga County, own 15 ewes from which he raised 19 lambs. He sold the 19 lambs and the wool from the ewes for a total of $413.15, or a net profit of $29.10 per ewe above feed cost. He adds his comment that sheep will make more money for him than any other kind of livestock—for the money invested in them.

Agreeing with him is Henry Taylor, another Watauga sheep grower. Mr. Taylor owns 24 ewes and raised 26 lambs. He sold 23 of the lambs and 147 pounds of wool sheared from the old ewes for a total of $609.47. Subtracting the feed costs, each of his ewes returned him a profit of $25.35.

But as L.E. Tuckwiller, Watauga County Agent, points out, such high profits per ewe means that the sheep are on clean pasture, that the lambs have been properly managed, and that the old sheep are drenched at least twice in summer to control internal parasites.

Marshall Farthing of the Valle Mountain section of Watauga says he uses his ewes to eat up the old cabbage stalks left from cutting his mountain cabbage each fall. Last year he had an income of $426.96 from the flock of only 14 ewes, two of which were replacement lambs The 14 ewes raised 20 lambs that sold for $373 and then the old ewes sheared 104 pounds of wool, which brought $53.96. This is a gross return of $30.49 per ewe. But Mr. Farthing says that his feed cost was low because he had to supply very little grain. The lambs were dropped in April, placed on pasture, and were sold in the October pool. The ewes had been over-wintered on his cabbage field and in the hay meadow. Mr. Farthing says that the ewes relish the residue in the cabbage fields and meet the cold weather plump and fat. He figures that his net labor income from the 14 ewes amounted to an average of $25 per animal.

MORE THAN SHEEP

Never get the idea that Watauga farmers are interested in sheep alone. That’s great cattle country as well. Some very fine herds of Hereford beef cattle are found there, and people from all over North Carolina go up there to buy feeder calves. The farmers have a Watauga Hereford Breeders Association and hold annual sales and shows. A lot of new Guernsey dairy cows are going into the county also. Most of them are grades, as yet, but the quality is improving steadily and good pastures are being prepared.

D.F. Greene says his grade Guernseys have been producing at the rate of 8,000 pounds of milk a year, according to his sales on the local milk route. He and his son have only a small herd and are using the facilities of the artificial breeding association to improve the quality of the cows. Bobby Nichols of Deep Gap has secured a purebred Guernsey heifer of Quail Roost breeding and is starting a Guernsey herd from this one cow. W.W. Mast and Scott Swift have both added new Guernseys to their herds. Four new grade “A” milking barns have just been built.

Like farmers in other counties, those in Watauga are conducting corn-growing contests The local Farm Bureau is providing $100 in cash prizes for the three top acre yields.

They also are keeping bees and setting out seedling trees. During last March, for instance, Watauga farmers set 21,000 white pines, 3,500 yellow poplars, 300 black walnuts, and 50 black locusts. They believe that the reforestation of their steeper slopes is one of the most important jobs ahead of them in future years.

Bee colonies are being added and a few men with plenty of hand labor available in their families are growing the little one-fourth acre plots of Turkish tobacco.

There is much home beautification work going on with the farm families landscaping their yards largely through the use of mountain shrubs which grow in such profusion all through that area.

ASHE COUNTY FARMERS

Watauga is not the only county in that section where progress is being made in livestock farming. H.D. Quessenberry, county agent, says that the Ashe County folk grow staple crops like corn, grain and hay along with late truck crops and then they have poultry, beef cattle and sheep to supplement his truck crop income and finds that both pay him well. It is his belief that no man should try to keep cattle in that section, however, without having plenty of silage. Winter grazing is not so dependable due to the severity of the cold, freezing weather; but every man can have silage in winter even if he has to depend on a trench dug in the side of a hill.

R.B. Brown of Todd has just completed a grade “A” barn and concrete silo and has made a start with Holstein cattle. Mr. Brown says that two Guernseys and two Jerseys keep the milk test above 4 per cent while the Holsteins fill the can. Ladino clover and fescue are being used widely for pastures, and many small plots of alfalfa have been seeded. Joe Davis of Laurel Springs says the fescue works well with Ladino and is providing the best of grazing. J.R. Phipps of Silas Creek has eight acres of alfalfa that he says saves him money in feeding the cows on his grade “A” dairy farm.

Ashe County growers report a good crop of both apples and cherries. Apples are plentiful and the cherries were killed only in the lower places. F.N. Colvard of Jefferson says the new Oakview cabbage, which he is growing this year, is ideal for the late market. He sets the plants in rows 34 inches apart and on the row. The crop is fertilized with a ton of 3-8-6 per acre, and this gives him a nice, firm head weighing from 3 to 5 pounds within 100 days of setting the plants. Most of the cabbage is ready for the market, that is for cutting, at the same time, thus giving him the best possible returns.

Sheep also pay well in Ashe. Betty Lou Thomas and her brother, Joe, of Grassy Creek have saved $1,900 from their baby beeves and lambs in the past two years and are putting the money away for their college education. The lamb crop in Ashe County this year is above the average, and the young people entered quite a few in the big Tri-County Lamb Show held in Boone early in June, when 75 lambs from Alleghany, Watauga, and Ashe competed for quality honors.

Gaston County Rural Women Have Place of Their Own, 1949

By F.H. Jeter, Extension Editor, N.C. State College, Raleigh, as published in the Charlotte Observer on June 9, 1949.

When the farm women of Gaston County come to town on a shopping trip, they have a convenient place of their own in which to rest and store their packages. More than that, they have a place where they may have all of their county-wide meetings, their banquets or their recreational events. It is a place where they meet for appointments; where they find good books to read, or leave the baby until they go to the dentist’s office. It’s a beautiful, restful place with harmonizing colors, comfortable chairs, a refrigerator and an electric stove. It’s easy to keep the milk cool or to warm it if the children need a lunch while mother is in town.

This place was an old garage back of the jail in Gastonia. Now it’s the Home Demonstration Center, or the club home for hundreds of Gaston farm women. The old garage was turned over to the women by the county commissioners three years ago and Miss Lucile Tatum, Gaston home agent, says the home demonstration members have been trying to do something with it since that time. Now it is a credit to any woman’s club in any small town in North Carolina. The garage has been converted into one large assembly room where four centers have been equipped for food preparation, serving, a living room and a reading room. Screens are used to separate the four centers and the equipment in each one is so placed and the color schemes so tied together that the four centers can be thrown into one large space for demonstrations, banquets, or any kind of general gathering.

The center is used for many of the meetings held by the county federation clubs, but the women say it’s greatest value to them is as a headquarters when they come to town. A full-time hostess is on duty at all times being employed jointly by the Gaston County Board of Commissioners and the home demonstration clubwomen. The women pay $360 a year for this service.

Right next to this one big room is a smaller one, 20 by 15 feet in size, which has been converted into a comfortable lounge room. One corner is the nursery, and this nursery opens out into an enclosure equipped as a play area. Here the small children can be kept comfortable and without danger of straying or being hurt in some accident.

Miss Tatum says this nice place did not come of itself. The commissioners gave the old garage to the women after the club members were forced to give up their upstairs headquarters by reason of high rents. High prices, war demands and other things kept them from making the garage over into the place they had planned. But last year, the women were able to go ahead and they received the cordial support of the county commissioners. The color used in the decorations and the fixtures selected with those agreed upon by the women. The old building was insulated and a ceiling added. The concrete floor was covered with rubber tile and the walls were plastered and painted.

The clubwomen raised and used $585 in improvements and equipment in 1947, and another $422 in 1948. They will tell you that raising this $1,000 was no easy task but they did it.

When the new building had been completely renovated and made into a home center for the farmwomen, they all gathered there last November for their annual achievement day. The presidents of the 21 local clubs acted as hostesses. They took charge of the activities. They pointed with price to color harmony in the furnishings, to the two electric stoves, the electric refrigerator, the big freezing unit, the well-equipped kitchen, and the facilities for feeding as many as 50 people at one time. The hostesses carried their visitors back into the comfortable lounging room to see the day bed, the baby bed, the rest rooms. They tried out the piano and the radio record player. The main room is 27 feet by 40 feet and the small room is 5 by 20 feet, and every foot is comfortably utilized. One of the men visitors on that opening day said it was surprising what had been done and he added, “We should have had all this long ago.”

This home center has a parking space for six cars. This convenience is doubly appreciated by farm women who come to town to shop or to visit the doctor. The center is the regular meeting place for the county council and for all committee meetings of the 4-H Club members and the farm women organizations. It contains a storehouse and a file of information. Special Gaston County recipes are kept on file, there is a file of recreational material, a complete set of bulletins and circulars dealing with the farm home, a set of encyclopedias and other good books. Much property accumulated by the county federation is stored there and may be borrowed for special occasions. Some of the popular items much used by the women are the dress patterns, a big punch bowl, the 100 cups and dishes and silver, the card tables, and a dehydrator. The latest item to be used by the women is a little space in the freezer unit.

The women had a grand occasion at this center last Christmas. The whole place was beautifully arranged, both inside and out, as a demonstration in holiday decorations for the rural home. Mantel arrangements, dining room table decorations, and decorations which the children could make for the home were some of the unique ideas expressed. It was used also as a center for pre-Christmas sale, and 75 lunches were served on the day of the sale.

Miss Tatum says the women have been working towards having this center for about 12 years. The first meeting on the subject was held at the first center in May 1937. This temporary place was a small space assigned to the women in a county-owned building. Since then the women have been making their plans for the kind of home they have today. They believe the present results are worth all the time, effort and money that they have put into it.

Cerro Gordo High School Graduation, 1949

Published in the Whiteville Reporter, June 6, 1949

Beatryce Godwin Is Valdictorian and Virginia Strickland is Salutatorian; 16 Graduated

CERRO GORDO--Dr. Frank H. Jeter of State College, Raleigh, addressed the graduating class of Cerro Gordo High School here Friday evening as diplomas were presented to 16 boys and girls.

Special music for the occasion was furnished by the local band and Glee Club.

President Beatryce Godwin presented the class gift—a donation to the stage curtain fund—to the school.

Nine of the 16 graduates were awarded the gold seal of the National Beta Club.

Class night exercises were held Thursday evening. The seniors marched into the auditorium led by Mascots Julia Nance and Layton Harrelson. They received friendship chairs from the junior class, which sang a song of presentation. This was followed by a song of acceptance.

The exercises were presented in the form of a park reunion in 1959. Virginia Strickland gave the salutatory. Other highlights of the program were: prophecy, Rosalyn Worley; history, class progress of the school, Mable Purvis; class poem, Vivian Hammond; last will and testament, Elizabeth H. Floyd; and giftorian, Nellie May Strickland. The program was concluded with the valedictory address by Beatryce Godwin.

The following medals were presented by Principal J.C. Whedbee Jr.: valedictorian, Beatryce Godwin; salutatorian, Virginia Strickland; best all-around boy, Hybert Williamson; best all-around girl, Vivian Hammond; boy athlete, Edgar Hammond; girl athlete, Elizabeth H. Floyd; and leadership, Ethelle Strickland.